From the WSJ in 1985:
On taking office, the President installed officials who pay lip service to free trade while seeking every opportunity to have the government restrict and manage international commerce. Rationalizations built around the causes of “reciprocity” and “fair competition” fail to disguise such efforts to retreat from the life-serving worldwide division of labor and comparative advantage.
The administration has eliminated import restrictions only once since taking office: When the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) recommended that quotas on shoes from Taiwan be continued, Mr. Reagan disagreed and ended the quotas. But lest people draw the wrong conclusion, presidential spokesman David Gergen cautioned, “I would not read it as a way he would come out on any case.” It may only be a coincidence that a major congressional advocate for the U.S. shoe manufacturers is House Speaker Tip O’Neill.
In recent months the administration has accelerated its provocation of trade warfare with the European Economic Community over steel; with Japan over autos, airline service and high-technology products; and with the Third World over sugar and textiles. Mr. Reagan has even extended quotas on imported clothespins, citing the national interest. This is the consequence of the administration’s sensitivity to privileged business and union interests and its lack of appreciation of the people’s freedom to choose.
Also, in late December, the U.S. and 50 other countries agreed to extend for five years the Multifiber Agreement (MFA), the legal framework governing world textile trade. Textile and apparel imports have been under quotas for 25 years, refuting arguments about temporary relief. During MFA negotiations, some American manufacturers feared the administration might push to liberalize trade. They needn’t have worried.
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What Reagan did do that hurt our economy big time was break unions (starting with PATCO), gut progressive taxes and weaken corporate regulation.
"In April 1942, just a few months after Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt asked Congress to enact a 100 percent top federal income tax rate, in effect a "maximum wage." No individual, FDR told lawmakers, should be taking home, after taxes, over $25,000 - the equivalent of about $335,000 today.
Not until 1964 did that top rate start dipping, down to 70 percent. In 1981, the newly elected President Ronald Reagan would make gutting that 70 percent rate his first major White House priority. By 1986, after two Reagan tax cuts, the top rate on the top income bracket had shrunk to a mere 28 percent.
In the middle decades of the 20th century, the steeply graduated progressive income tax that actor Ronald Reagan so detested operated marvelously well as just that sort of check. America's super rich - our top tenth of 1 percent - saw their share of the nation's income drop precipitously in those years, from nearly 12 percent before the Great Depression to under 3 percent by the 1970s. The top 0.1 percent share in 2007, right before the Great Recession? Over 12 percent. The rich, in other words, have come all the way back - and more."
http://www.beyondchron.org/news/index.php?itemid=8864---------------------------------------
Europe has thrived with free trade with its continental neighbors (including the poor ones in the East), but then they have heavier and progressive taxes, strong unions, effective safety nets/health care and good market and industry regulation. Trade is not the problem. It's our lack of all these progressive policies that has harmed us.