"Making a successful weather forecast depends on a variety of factors - accurate computer model guidance, upper air observations from aircraft and weather balloons, forecaster intuition, and luck all come to mind. One of the key pillars of the modern forecasting enterprise consists of data gathered from two polar orbiting satellites, which is fed into computer model runs to help hone their forecast projections.
Now that pillar may be weakened by congressional budget cuts, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is sounding the alarm, telling Congress that a failure to restore funding for development of the next generation of polar orbiting satellites, known as the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), would significantly reduce the accuracy of weather forecasts, particularly medium-range forecasts, and may have an outsized impact on forecasts for extreme events, such as blizzards or hurricanes.
The budget dispute centers on funding for the remainder of the current fiscal year, which ends in October 2011. A House-passed bill would keep funding for NOAA satellite programs at fiscal year 2010 levels, or $382 million. In comparison, President Obama’s fiscal year 2012 budget request calls for $1.1 billion to be spent on JPSS, a difference of $689 million."
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/noaa-warns-weather-forecasts-will-suffer-from-budget-cuts/2011/03/31/AFKsct9B_blog.html