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In a free market.
Our house loan interest rate is fairly low. We had a good credit rating. We put down sufficient down payment. We're good credit risks. They make money, but stand to make money, overall.
Down the street "John" has a higher interest rate on his house. Worse credit rating. No down payment. Not so good credit risk, probably shouldn't have gotten a loan. They might lose money. To make money on his risk class they need to charge higher interest rates. The increased income from John covers losses incurred because of bad loans to his peers. Is John really those deadbeats' peer? Perhaps not. But given predictive statistics, he looks like it so that's where his loan application landed him.
Credit cards are even worse. Our credit card rate should be low, 5% or less. It's not, because they don't disaggregate debt risk. Not only am I, FICO score of 812 or 813 at last check, lumped in with John, but I'm lumped in with many of his friends by default. Now, if I actually give evidence of screwing up--missed payments, for instance--then my rates skyrocket.
That explains the high. Now for the lows.
The Fed is currently lending money at 0-0.25% to the banks. If they need money, they can borrow it for nearly free from the Fed. Why should they borrow it from you at 1%? If *you* could borrow for free from the Fed, would you borrow money at 1%? Fed sets the interest rate; the difference between "best" loan rates and savings accounts rates is, or used to be, the profit margin.
Of course, that means for our house mortgage at 4.5% and interest paid to us on savings of 0.1 or 0.2% the profit margin is 4.4% or so. That's high, historically, but also builds in a bit of credit-risk (since we could, conceivably, default) as well as inflation fears.
Then there's the fact that the company has employees, buildings, etc., etc., for that profit margin. Moreover, not only does it have those, and need to pay dividends on stock, but it has to keep the stock price up for future stock offerings and to keep investors--private or public--happy.
As a consumer, I don't like it. Were I to sit and play "money" for a long time, acting as banker, paying out dividends, making loans and taking in savings I think that what I'd come up with wouldn't be too horribly different in principle from the state we see. I'd like to think my extreme rates wouldn't be so extreme. That's probably just vanity talking.
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