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Edited on Wed Nov-11-09 03:58 AM by NuttyFluffers
remember, almost all major patriarchal societies have public injunctions against behavior of "men lying with other men as a woman." this includes The Great Vedic Tradition (Hinduism), its heterodoxies -- Buddhism (starting out as secular and having religious sects later), Jainism, Confucianism (which started and maintained being secular throughout), religious Taoism, Legalism, Korean Shamanism, Japanese Shinto, Manichaeanism, Zoroastrianism, Greek, Roman, Norse, Egyptian, Yoruban, Mayan pantheons, etc. even down to almost a majority of animist and "pagan" philosophies and/or religions. further, i see several societies have less of a religious hold onto these ideas and more of a secular purchase into them. secularization offers zero protection against this injunction on behavior, but dovetails seamlessly with patriarchal strictures. it explains why patriarchal societies, who have retained an unusual level of secularization, and have had limited to no contact with Abrahamic faiths, still held similar injunctions upon contact.
so, i think the big key is the "as a woman" caveat. male citizens, a.k.a. those who are not the penniless masses, women, children, intersexual/transexual outcasts, or slaves, had strict expectations placed on the production of heirs and tracing male lineage. this went beyond the other false dichotomy that this is derived from either religious or philosophical injunctions of tradition, because both placed these expectations that the male line must continue and property organization must follow codices to fall back on when there are extenuating circumstances. the last thing such a patriarchal society wants is people "messin' with the natural order of things" by going off and having pleasure but not fulfilling their responsibility to their "dynasty," if you will.
homosexuality, of any stripe, is well documented, but note that the issues of pederasty or homosexuality with slaves or religious "vestigal virgins" was never the big issue. it was, to be blunt, to take it from another male citizen, break the class boundaries, and endanger the lineage and legal codices. the only exception is during liminal periods, such as soldiers who have sex with each other for various reasons and are usually justified for morale. war, like pregnancy, and coming-of-age are routinely couched in ceremonial regalia (occurring with just as much having nothing to do with religion as it does with -- people in general will be surprised at the societies that existed). this is because liminal states, where identity definitions are being broken down and then reconstructed, and where great stresses will occur, are great emotional, social, and psychological threats to the community. to control such states ritual is used to confine them into a manageable structure.
so, during liminal periods, you may transgress the normative framework. but once you return to "peacetime" as it were, you cannot enjoy the pleasures of the liminal without censure. so, male sexual pleasure without producing heirs: bad. male sexual pleasure transgressing social class rules: even worse. male sexual pleasure transgressing social class rules within the same class, outside the liminal periods, subverting your own class into a submissive posture like the lower classes, and to accept this organization as equal and legitimate to the normative standard (a.k.a. lying with a man as a woman): all holy hell breaks loose.
in fact, i vote with some transsexual theorists that the real target of all this fear is not homosexuality but transsexuality. that there are male citizens who are "female inside" -- but have not been outed and reclassified into the sexual limbo classes -- and thus are like "booby traps" leading "normative, healthy male citizens astray." they are not the already known quantity of male-&-male love for pleasure and camaraderie (if you dig even further, most male patriarchies grudgingly admit this goes on all the time, and the elites are excused to play as they like), but the male-&-male-as-female unknown quantity that tries to emulate legitimization. however, since it cannot produce heirs, transgresses citizenship status, and stays perpetually in a liminal state, completely throws the legal codices for a loop -- BECAUSE IT CHALLENGES THE FIRST DICHOTOMY PARADIGM THAT JUSTIFIES PATRIARCHY: That Man Is Not and Shall Not Be Woman.
break the binary of gender identity and suddenly a lot of scary, unknown possibilities pop-up... from the one begat two, from the two begat three, from the three birthed the myriad of things.
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