Does chronic exposure to organophosphates cause depression and suicide?
Pesticide poisonings are usually divided into three main categories: occupational exposures, non-occupational accidental exposures (such as domestic accidents) and intentional exposures (suicide and attempted suicide). The World Health Organization (WTO) estimates that 1 million unintentional and 2 million intentional poisonings occur worldwide every year, of which 220,000 are fatal. Pesticide poisoning is a particularly serious problem in developing countries, especially among rural agricultural populations.
This review analyses studies of suicides among pesticide-exposed populations. It also examines human and animal studies of central nervous system toxicity related to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, one of the groups of pesticides associated with pesticide-related suicides. The association between suicide and exposure to pesticides, particularly OPs, is often interpreted as indicating that those working with pesticides have access to poisons in moments of acute distress so suicidal impulses are more likely to result in suicide. However, the authors evaluate the possibility that OP exposure could depress serotonin levels leading to depression, alteration in mood and psychiatric disorders. The authors conclude that OPs are not just agents for suicide but may also be the cause.
PAN UK Current Research Monitor, No. 68: April-June 2005 (
http://www.pan-uk.org/pub31.htm)
London L, Flisher AJ, Wesseling C, Mergler D and Kromhout H (2005), Suicide and Exposure to Organophosphate Insecticides: Cause or Effect? American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 47: 308-321.