Dark Matter And Dark Energy Make Up 95 Percent Of Universe, Detailed Measurements Reveal

[n2doc]

ScienceDaily (Nov. 3, 2009) — A detailed picture of the seeds of structures in the universe has been unveiled by an international team co-led by Sarah Church of the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, jointly located at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, and by Walter Gear, of Cardiff University in the United Kingdom. These measurements of the cosmic microwave background -- a faintly glowing relic of the hot, dense, young universe -- put limits on proposed alternatives to the standard model of cosmology and provide further support for the standard cosmological model, confirming that dark matter and dark energy make up 95% of everything in existence, while ordinary matter makes up just 5%.

"When I first started in this field, some people were adamant that they understood the contents of the universe quite well," said Church, deputy director of KIPAC and the U.S. principal investigator of the QUaD project. "But that understanding was shattered when evidence for dark energy was discovered. Now that we again feel we have a very good understanding of what makes up the universe, it's extremely important for us to amass strong evidence using many different measurement techniques that this model is correct, so that this doesn't happen again."

In a paper published in the November 1 issue of The Astrophysical Journal, QUaD researchers release detailed maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The researchers focused their measurements on variations in the CMB's temperature and polarization to learn about the distribution of matter in the early universe. Polarization is an intrinsic extra "directionality" to all light rays that is at right angles to the light ray's direction of travel. Although most light is unpolarized -- consisting of light rays with an equal mix of all polarizations -- the reflection and scattering of a light ray can create polarized light. This property of light is exploited by polarized sunglasses, which block some of the polarized light to reduce glare on sunny days.

The light from the early universe was initially unpolarized but became polarized when it struck moving matter in the very early universe. By creating maps of this polarization, the QUaD team was able to investigate not just where the matter existed, but also how it was moving.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091102121644.htm



The QUaD collaboration uses the 2.6-meter telescope shown here to view the temperature and polarization of the cosmic microwave background, a faintly glowing relic of the hot, dense, young universe. (Credit: Image courtesy of Nicolle Rager Fuller, NSF)

[SoCalNative]

1. Studies have shown that

Dark matter and dark energy make up 95% of the Republican party too :rofl:

[Orrex]

6. I thought the Repub party was made up almost exclusively of pasty, white matter?

Clearly, the scientific debate must continue!

[montanto]

9. Regardless of whether its dark or pasty its

not "intelligent life."

[Xipe Totec]

2. That would explain Republicans, but I thought they were down to 20% n/t

[tridim]

3. I have some in my hand right now!

[Indenturedebtor]

7. I was gonna say that my junk constitutes 95% of the matter in the universe

but that doesn't seem as appropriate now...

[slackmaster]

4. Is the stuff smokable, man?

:hippie:

[Joanne98]

5. Cool!

[silverweb]

8. Boggleboggleboggle...

There goes my mind, getting all boggled again.

Absolutely fascinating, mysterious, beautiful and intriguing...

"The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science."
-Albert Einstein