As a kind of shorthand, I like to say that I favor the banning of dangerous
fossil fuels on the grounds that there is no solution to the problem of dangerous fossil fuel waste which is
rapidly in geological terms doing extreme damage to the existing biosphere.
Specifically, I don't buy into the Amory Lovins/Gerhard Schroeder/Joschka Fisher meme that
any of dangerous fossil fuels can be regarded acceptable, including the ones that pay their salaries, specifically, dangerous natural gas. It is pure bull shit - and not bull shit from a giant factory farm feedlot poop to methane scheme either - to claim that dangerous natural gas is a "clean" fuel. It is only slightly,
very slightly, more ridiculous than appealing to so called "clean coal."
(The more that I think about it, the more I think that the anti-nuke fundamentalism of the aforementioned men is a
deliberate function of their overt corruption by dangerous fossil fuel interests.)
I personally regard the phase out - the
fast phase out - of dangerous fossil fuels as something that should be one of humanity's highest priorities, higher than health care, higher than the wars, higher than a host of other problems. This is because however great our problems with these issues may be, they will inevitably be made wildly uncontrollable by an unstable climate, particularly the risk of war as the number of refugees grows larger.
I am sometimes criticized for my rhetoric and although I generally couldn't care less, there is a
technical problem with my rhetoric, inasmuch as I rail against
methane as a dangerous
fossil fuel, whereas the
fossil part is assumed. There is a theory - to which I personally give little credence - involving abiotic methane, methane that has remained in rocks and subterranean formations from the time of the accretion of the earth. Advocates of this theory - including some who have drilled very deep holes at great expense to attempt, thus far with no success to "prove" it - point to the existence of huge quantities of methane that are known to be in interstellar clouds and, for that matter, in the atmospheres of the gas giant planets and some of their moons, like the moon of Saturn, Titan, that was recently visited by a European space probe as part of the Cassini mission. There is a form of methane however that is not strictly either abiotic nor fossil: This form is the famous methane hydrates in the deep ocean that have been viewed alternately as a source of both optimism and terror.
Personally I come down on the
terror side, since I regard this methane not as a hopeful source of energy with which to keep Viking Stoves fired up in stupid car CULTure suburban McMansions, but as a (potentially) unstable sink for holding a dangerous risk to the atmosphere in place for as long as is possible. I
am concerned that warming oceans will cause some of this gas to be released, contributing a huge positive feedback loop.
Earlier this year in connection with another subject in which I am interested, I collected a paper on the
origins of these hydrate formations.
Here is the abstract of the paper to which I refer:
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 95 (2007) 88–100The title of the article is: "Terrestrial organic matter controlling gas hydrate formation in the
Nankai Trough accretionary prism, offshore Shikoku, Japan"
If the first paragraph of the article doesn't scare the pants off of you, it should:
The presence of marine gas hydrate throughout the world has been inferred from geophysical, geochemical, and geological evidence mainly by bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), chemistry of sediment pore water, and direct sampling of gas hydrate (Shipley et al., 1979; Gornitz and Fung, 1994; Kvenvolden, 1995). This potentially large reservoir of methane in gas hydrate is of great interest as potential energy resource. The total amount of methane carbon in gas hydrate is postulated to be about twice as large as the carbon present in all known fossil-fuel resources (Kvenvolden, 1988a; Satoh et al., 1996).
Imagine someone trying to dump twice as much dangerous fossil fuel waste as is already known...
There I go again, saying "fossil." What I should say, at least strictly, if this paper is correct is that I favor banning the burning of
deposited methane, since it is not clear that the origin of methane hydrates involves
ancient formations. To wit, some other excerpts of the paper:
Many investigations have been carried out to understand the formation of marine gas hydrate around the Japanese Islands, especially offshore Tokai and offshore Shikoku (e.g. Matsumoto et al., 2004; Waseda and Uchida, 2004). It is, on the other hand, suggested that methane from dissociated gas hydrate can be a factor in global warming (Kvenvolden, 1988b; Nisbet, 1990; Paull et al., 1991; Harvey and Huang, 1995), and that dissociation of gas hydrate can induce a submarine geohazard such as surficial slides and slumps (McIver, 1982; Kvenvolden, 1999). Most of methane in gas hydrates is characterized by significantly light stable carbon isotope ratios, strongly suggesting a microbial origin. Microbiologists, however, still have not obtained any direct evidence of substantial active methanogenesis in methane hydrate bearing sediments (Parkes et al., 2000). The mechanisms of gas hydrate formation still remain unclear, and understanding gas hydrate formation and decomposition processes is now one of the current topics in geology, geochemistry, and biogeochemistry.
In other words, the stuff may have formed relatively
recently from biological action. Some may accrete into the crust by being dragged along by subduction plates.
The authors do extensive analysis in their paper - wonderful analytical chemistry - and find lots of interesting and exciting things, like unusually long chained alkanes and primary alkanols, some with chain lengths up to 32.
The authors discuss at some length the difference between biogenic methane formed by decarboxylation of acetate and that formed by the biogenic reduction of carbon dioxide either from carbonate rocks or carbon dioxide formations, many of which are known and some of which - as amazing at it might seem in these times - are
mined.
If one is interested, one may refer to the original paper at a subscribing institution's library.
A little from the conclusion:
Widely distributed BSR in accretionary prisms of Nankai Trough suggests distribution of enormous amount of gas hydrate. The presence and absence of BSRs are not only controlled by temperature–pressure condition for gas hydrate stability, but also by heterogeneity of geophysical, geochemical and geological characteristics of subsurface sediments. All three Sites 1175, 1176, and 1178 of ODP Leg 190 in Nankai Trough commonly have gas hydrate stability zones. However, only Site 1178 has substantial concentrations of gas hydrate. Sediments in Subunit IIA just beneath the major gas hydrate zone of Site 1178 are characterized by higher TOC contents, abundant terrestrial organic matter, and higher organic maturity compared to subsurface sediments at Sites 1175 and 1176. Terrestrial organic matter can produce much CO2 via the transformations of fulvic acids and humic acids to kerogen during the early diagenesis compared to marine organic matter.
I really don't trust human beings to discover huge reserves of methane, since I expect that they will do something stupid and dangerous with them, embracing short term and possibly suicidal thinking when they approach it. The idea of
enormous reserves makes me shiver to think what may happen in that still shivering cold water.