Round and Orbity? Must be a Planet!

[n2doc]

Round and Orbity? Must Be a Planet
By John Johnson Jr., Times Staff Writer
August 16, 2006

There goes the solar system.

The elite society of nine lordly bodies of rock, ice and gas would grow to at least 12 and as many as 53 members under a new definition of "planet" proposed Tuesday by the International Astronomical Union. The core of the definition? Planets are round. And they orbit a star. The proposal was hammered out after two years of intense astronomical debate among leading experts of the Astronomical Union, the international authority for naming celestial objects. "We now have a new way to put the solar system together," said MIT astronomer Richard Binzel, a member of the committee that drafted the proposal. "We think this definition is reasonable." It will be voted on next week by the group's general assembly, which is now meeting in Prague, Czech Republic. Binzel said he was optimistic the definition would be approved. The new list of planets would include UB313, which was recently discovered beyond Pluto's orbit, as well as two bodies that have previously been rejected for planetary status: Pluto's moon Charon and Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Charon and Pluto would become the solar system's first double planet, meaning they twirl around each other but neither dominates. They would become part of a new subclass of planets called "plutons," defined as having orbits around the sun that take at least 200 years. There could be dozens more plutons added after the objects are further reviewed by the Astronomical Union. There are 12 awaiting evaluation.

Ceres would also become the sole member of a subclass called "dwarf planets." Astronomy professor Gibor Basri of UC Berkeley, praised the Astronomical Union for coming up with a definition that could help quell arguments over what makes a planet, a debate provoked by critics who questioned tiny Pluto's status. "I feel that they have made the most rational and scientific choices," he said. "It does mean some adjustment for the public." But the definition has riled some astronomers.

Perhaps surprisingly, one of the strongest critics of the new solar system lineup is Caltech astronomer Michael Brown, who discovered one of the proposed new planets. He called the decision an "odd solution." "In my book, the word 'planet' was special. I liked it back when planets meant something other than it's round," said Brown, who has discovered 15 objects that appear to qualify as planets under the new definition, which might make him history's most prolific planet hunter. Brown said he had counted 53 objects that appeared to count as planets under the proposal. It's also an open question how the new definition would be received by the public, who grew up with mobiles of the nine-planet solar system in their bedrooms and learning mnemonic devices to memorize the planets, such as "My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas."

Some educators were delighted to learn the solar system might be about to change, considering it a "teachable moment" for students. "Wow, that's huge," said Hilda Ramirez, a spokeswoman for the Los Angeles Unified School District. The debate over what is and is not a planet was forced on the Astronomical Union by the recent discoveries of a new roster of Kuiper Belt objects orbiting far beyond Neptune. Among the numerous objects, Brown identified one in 2005 — UB313 (he nicknamed it "Xena") — that appeared larger than Pluto, which has a diameter of 1,400 miles. The discoveries by Brown and astronomers at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona made it clear that the small, icy world of Pluto, discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh was hardly unique.

more:
http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/la-sci-planets16aug16,0,7159962,full.story

New planet definition:

Must be round, larger than 480 miles in diameter and must orbit a star.
Diameter Orbital period Avg./distance Discovery
(miles) (Length/year) (from sun in mi.)
Mercury 3,000 88days 36 mill. Known by ancients
Venus 7,500 225days 67 mill. Known by ancients
Earth 7,900 365days 93 mill. Known by ancients
Mars 4,200 687days 142 mill. Known by ancients
Ceres 592 1,680days 258 mill. 1801, Giuseppe Piazzi
Jupiter 88,800 11.9years 484 mill. Known by ancients
Saturn 74,900 29.4years 886 mill. Known by ancients
Uranus 31,800 84years 1.8 bill. 1781,William Herschel
Neptune 30,800 164.8years 2.8 bill. 1846,Johann Galle
Pluto 1,400 248years 3.7 bill. 1930,Clyde Tombaugh
Charon 737 248years 3.7 bill. 1978,James Christy
UB313 1,400-1,600 560years 3.5-9 bill. 2005,Michael Brown, David Rabinowitz and Chad Trujillo
---

Sources: Michael Brown, Caltech, International

Astronomical Union, NASA

[tives12]

1. Well, if it has to be 500 miles in diameter

then does that mean Rush Limbaugh is a planet too?

[FSogol]

3. No, he's a gas giant. n/t

[tridim]

5. Cheerios all over the keyboard..

:rofl:

I'll send you the bill.

[trotsky]

7. Excellent.

:rofl:

[SteppingRazor]

2. If they just made it 1,500 mi. instead of 480, this would be fine...

I mean, why set the bar so low that it includes an astroid?

[valerief]

4. Must have something to do with pork research. n/t

[tridim]

6. I agree.. Just grandfather in the smaller planets

for historical reasons and set the new rule at 1,500 miles.

Or maybe catagorize orbiting bodies into several categories like "level I" and "level II".

[trotsky]

8. Why the hell can't they just adopt the Star Trek classifications?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_planet_classifications