EDIT
I frequently hear calls for all federal offshore waters to be opened to development, as if that will be our salvation. The most geologically favorable areas off the Atlantic coast have been explored in the past with no significant discoveries. If Atlantic federal waters were opened for development, it’s likely that no oil or next to no oil would ultimately be extracted. The same would be the case for Pacific waters from north-central California north to the Canadian border as well as around most of Alaska.
Concerning the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPR-A), the Clinton administration opened ~4.6 million acres to oil exploration and development in the late 1990s. Lease sales occurred in 1999 and 2002 in the northeast quadrant but only ~330 million barrels of oil have been discovered in that area. That corresponds to ~15 days of U.S. liquid hydrocarbons consumption. Production from the ~4.6 million acres started last year but that hasn’t even reversed the production decline in Alaska. According to a USGS assessment, the area has 3.1 Gb of technically recoverable oil. Based upon a MMS assessment, the Beaufort and Chuchi Seas off northern Alaska have 24.9 Gb of technically recoverable oil. Presently the Northstar field, just off the coast, is the only offshore field producing oil. Since 1970, over 99,000,000 acres of the Beaufort and Chuchi Seas has been offered in oil and gas lease sales and as of 2003, there were active leases on over 140,000 acres.
Some believe that the oil industry didn’t have the capabilities to explore for oil in the Arctic Ocean until recently, but back in the early 1980s a huge structure about 65 miles northwest of the Prudhoe Bay field, in the Arctic Ocean, was drilled. In December 1983 the structure was breached only to discover it was filled with salt water, the infamous $2 billion Mukluk dry hole. The Bush administration has opened large areas of Bristol Bay (Alaska), NPR-A (Alaska), western federal lands and the central and eastern Gulf of Mexico. In the case of Bristol Bay, oil exploration occurred there some years ago without finding any significant oil. The administration is also attempting to reopen the Chuchi Sea (Alaska) to oil development. Contrary to what one hears or reads from the media, a lot of federal lands and water have been opened for oil exploration and development in recent years.
If all federal lands and waters were opened to oil development, the most probable production profile would look something like Figure 1. Opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and all federal waters would create a minor hump in the decline curve. Desperate people do desperate things. As Americans become more desperate for oil, I expect that ANWR and offshore areas will be opened for oil development. It will be like burning the furniture to keep the house warm in mid-January. It will be a desperate move that won’t result in much.
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