Alcohol is more dangerous than any drug out therefor an unborn fetus!
""Alcohol causes more neurological damage to the developing baby than any other substance." Institute of Medicine report to Congress
Alcohol is a teratogen (substance that is toxic to the baby's developing brain). Damage can occur in various regions of the brain. The areas that might be affected by alcohol exposure depend on which areas are developing at the time the alcohol is consumed. Since the brain and the central nervous system are developing throughout the entire pregnancy, the baby's brain is always vulnerable to damage from alcohol exposure.
Not all damage from alcohol exposure is seen on brain scans, as lesions are sometimes too small to be detected with current technology, yet large enough to cause significant disabilities.
The regions of the brain that are most seriously affected by prenatal alcohol exposure in terms of ability to function are:
Corpus Callosum - passes information from the left brain (rules, logic) to the right brain (impulse, feelings) and vice versa. The Corpus Callosum in an individual with FAS/ARND might be smaller than normal, and in some cases it is almost nonexistent. (MRI images)
Hippocampus - plays a fundamental role in memory, learning, and emotion.
Hypothalamus - controls appetite, emotions, temperature, and pain sensation
Cerebellum - controls coordination and movement, behavior and memory.
Basal Ganglia - affects spatial memory and behaviors like perseveration and the inability to switch modes, work toward goals, and predict behavioral outcomes, and the perception of time.
Frontal Lobes - this area controls impulses and judgment. The most noteworthy damage to the brain probably occurs in the prefrontal cortex, which controls what are called the Executive Functions.
The term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) includes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND). Individuals with FASD often have symptoms or behavior issues that are a direct result of damage to the prefrontal cortex, which is the part of the brain that controls “executive functions.”
http://www.come-over.to/FAS/FASbrain.htmOne of the saddest, and most misunderstood things about alcohol related neurological damage is the frequent role it plays in crime and incarceration.