Snip from The Times
From Nicholas Wapshott in New York
WHEN Robert Carroll Coney was accused by Texas police of robbing a Safeway supermarket of $2,000 in 1962, milk cost 11c a pint, instant mashed potato had just been invented and John F. Kennedy was President. Forty-two years on, following stints in prison in Texas, South Carolina, Kansas, Louisiana, Georgia and Mississippi, and after four jail-breaks, the 76-year-old has been exonerated of the robbery and set free because the police extracted a false confession from him by squeezing his fingers in the steel door of his jail cell. Safeway now sells milk at 50c a pint and the supermarket chain stocks food undreamt of by Mr Coney 40 years ago, such as sushi, grape tomatoes and pitta bread.
In 1962 Mr Coney, an African-American veteran of the Second World War and a prisoner in the Korean war, was picked up by police in Lufkin, a rural town halfway between Dallas and Houston, and thrown in jail by deputies from the Angelina County sheriff’s department on suspicion of the Safeway robbery. During their interrogation they repeatedly called him “nigger,” slapped, kicked and punched him, then said: “Nigger, we should take you somewhere and shoot your black ass all to pieces.”
They slammed his fingers in the steel door frame of his cell until, amid yells of pain, he admitted to the crime. Damage to his hand was so severe that he required immediate surgery to avoid amputation. Mr Coney says that the robbery was probably committed by an acquaintance, Henry Cooper, whom he had driven home in a car earlier that day. Mr Coney was not allowed to see a lawyer until he was standing before a judge and when he tried to plead his innocence a court warden silenced him with a racist remark. His false confession led him to be jailed for life. His lawyer at the trial, Gilbert Spring, says today that he has no recollection of Mr Coney and that it was common in the Texas kangaroo courts which passed for justice in the early Sixties for lawyers to be summoned to appear for no fee to defend alleged criminals with no money. The defence case was by necessity hurried, inadequate and ineffective.
“It really contains everybody’s worst fears about what went on during certain darker years in this country,” said David P. O’Neil, of Huntsville, Texas, who worked to clear Mr Coney’s name. “It makes you wonder how many stories are out there like this.” Back in 1962 Mr Coney barely spent two months in jail awaiting an appeal before he escaped, having bribed a guard with $1,500. Two months later he was back inside but not for long. There followed 40 years in and out of prison in various states, where conflicting jurisdictions meant that until last year he could avoid a return to Texas. He was arrested and served 12 years of a 44-year sentence in Louisiana State Penitentiary for passing counterfeit cheques. He escaped from there but was recaptured when overwhelmed by the strong currents of the Mississippi river. Another time he escaped while attending a hospital outside the prison. In 1973 a Texas judge had cleared him of the Safeway robbery but the verdict was not passed on because he was either in jail or on the run elsewhere. His file was lost but last year a Texas prison official rediscovered it. This month Mr Coney was again cleared of the charge by Judge David V. Wilson, who, acknowledging the colourful story, added: “I hope the petitioner hires a good screenwriter.” Mr Coney still bears the scars inflicted by Sheriff Leon Jones. “I remember the sheriff well,” he said, holding up two mangled fingers. “My fingers looked like sticks of baloney.” His girlfriend, Shirley Jackson, 65, whom he fell in love with when she was 14, has stood by him for 50 years and once tried to help him escape from jail. She went to prison for nine months when caught trying to smuggle hacksaw blades to him. “I knew he was a good man and I loved him,” she said. Mr Coney remains philosophical about the injustices done to him. “If I was angry, what could I do about it?” he said. “Anger is not going to solve anything. I’m going to try to pick up the pieces.”
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-1225806,00.html