or low-intensity conflict, or counter-terrorism operations, or counter-insurgency, depending upon the guise of the opponent and the political context of the engagement.
There's been a large body of literature developed on the subject of 4GW during the last 20 years, but guerilla warfare is as old as war itself.
Here's a place to start:
http://www.d-n-i.net/second_level/fourth_generation_warfare.htmFourth Generation Warfare
March 23, 2005
It has been said that "fourth generation warfare" (4GW) includes all forms of conflict where the other side refuses to stand up and fight fair. Smart commanders throughout history, however, have tried to deceive, trick, and confuse their opponents. Is anything really new?
The answer begins by examining how 4GW literature uses the term, "generation." Specifically, it refers to the world since the mid-17th Century, when firearms began to dominate the battlefield and when nation-states began to exercise a legal monopoly on the use of armed force.
4GW Case Studies:
al-Qa'ida / Afghanistan
al-Aqsa Intifada
That world is breaking down. We appear to be returning to the situation that characterizes most of human experience, where both states and non-states wage war. In 4GW, at least one side is something other than a military force organized and operating under the control of a national government, and one that also transcends national boundaries. For a graphical depiction of how the "generations" evolve, please download The Evolution of Conflict (169 KB PowerPoint slideshow.) Note that as with human generations, several may be alive and functioning simultaneously. The word "generations," though, is just an analogy to help gain new insights, and it is wise not to push it too far.
One way to tell that 4GW is truly new is that we don't even have a name for its participants—typically dismissing them as "terrorists," "extremists," or "thugs."
Name calling, though, is not often an effective substitute for strategy.
If we look at the development of warfare in the modern era, we see three distinct generations … Third generation warfare was conceptually developed by the German offensive in the spring of 1918 … Is it not about time for the fourth generation to appear? Lind, Nightengale, Wilson, et. al., Marine Corps Gazette, October 1989
The attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center dispelled the notion that 4GW is simple "terrorism." But one can sympathize with our political and military leaders, because 4GW is a strange form of warfare, one where military force plays a much smaller role than in earlier generations, supporting initiatives that are more political, diplomatic, and economic