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But that was mild.
Along with forcing prisoners to amputate healthy limbs from other amputees, or making sure inmates lost limbs from frostbite and gangrene; hard physical labor for 12-18 hour days with almost no food, then keeping them up all night forcing them to confess, but not saying what to confess to. Forged signed confessions that implicated other prisoners would be leaked to inmates. Then, in the morning, back to work. "Cold" typically meant below zero ... You could be killed for your clothing or boots. Electrical shock and burning that disfigures. Hurl feces at a guard ... having your Qur'an put on the bed is the least of your worries. Being made to wet yourself or shit your pants because you couldn't get to the bathroom? Try intentional pain and terror so that you do it involuntarily.
Guards would gang rape prisoners, or pay off prisoners to gang rape other prisoners, sometimes until they died. Prisoners would be forced to publicly have sex with each other. I read one description in which it was required that it be done specifically until the guy dies--else the other prisoners would suffer badly. I'm not sure what threat or abuse would make me willing to rape a fellow prisoner ... to death. Then again, some of the prisoners were just common criminals, not everybody was a writer or political dissident.
Jews would routinely be fed pork ... in some instances, they'd be begging for it. Allowed off for sabbath prayers ... not bloody likely. The food in general was bad ... rotten; extreme humiliation and degradation was a good day. Merely reciting a Bible passage could easily get you severely beaten. Possession of a Bible ... zhutko.
The death rate was phenomenal in some of the camps. Political prisoners--teachers, writers, poets--had the highest deathrate--they weren't able to defend themselves. In other camps, it wasn't quite so bad: there was a hierarchy. And Stalin relied on the camps for their output. Solzhenitsyn cringed when he was told how horrorific his descriptions were: he knew he was never in a bad one, and referred people to descriptions of bad camps. And yet Gitmo pales compared to Solzhenitsyn's tales. Abu Ghraib ... on the worst day sounds like a particulary poorly run GULag camp, or a middle-of-the-road one. Litvinov's oped piece a couple of days ago in the WaPo was dead on.
Then there was the academic camp. You're a scientist, you don't want to do what the government wants, into the camp with you. You're in the system: the good camp, the mediocre camp, or the hellish camp ... doesn't matter, you're gone as far as the outside is concerned. Your wife and kids are in the same camp or another one ... cooperate, or you can join them in a hellish camp. Fall behind in what's expected, and they can go to a mediocre camp until you catch up ... but what happens to them there is beyond the control of *your* guards (nudge-nudge), and only you are responsible. If you don't cooperate, well, you didn't want to anyway.
When we blur the line between the truly horrible and the horrible, whether out of partisanship or ignorance, we lose the language and conceptual structures necessary to draw the necessary distinctions when things are really bad. Abu Ghraib was moderately bad; punish the people involved. Gitmo doesn't begin rise to that level. What's done there isn't right, but it's rather like yelling "fire! fire!" in a concert hall because somebody raised a lighter.
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