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You want logic, but appear to be ignoring it whenever convenient. Universities under-report, and SO DOES THE MILITARY. So, where does that leave us? We only have the reported numbers to go by. Since the universities report TEN TIMES HIGHER RAPE REPORTS as compared to the military, then I guess, factoring in the unreported in both cases, universities experience TEN TIMES HIGHER RAPE INCIDENTS.
You say the "entire lifestyle" is different? Yes, I have to agree, having lived both. College: sedentary, ridiculously lax lifestyle, based upon a 5th grade education, focused on a self-absorbed group of spoiled children who think they have an actual opinion because they read it in a book in freshmen economics. Compared to the disciplined, far more challenging life that the average military person leads.
About the personal aspect, I never DEFENDED any system. I only called for fairness in reporting. I'm sure I don't need to point out to a Gunny that there are some in this society who casually refer to you as a baby killer because you had the audacity to serve your country. I respect your service, and your opinion. But I disagree with the underlying bias of the original article. Oh, and you asked for links and references, so here goes:
1994 - Nationwide Statistics
137,000 rapes, attempted rapes, and sexual assaults were reported to the police (3.7 per 1000 women and 0.2 per 1000 men in the U.S.)
316,000 estimated rapes or attempted rapes (R/AR) were committed. This means 868 R/ARs each day, or 36 R/ARs per hour, or one rape/attempted rape every 1.6 minutes.
The number of estimated rapes increased by 5% from 1993 to 1994. Extrapolating this rise to 1996, there would be one rape every 2.9 minutes and one attempted rape every 3.5 minutes.
64% of rape survivors did not report the crime to the police.
2/3 of rape and sexual assault survivors knew the assailant.
People in households with incomes of $15,000 or less were 3 times more likely to be raped or sexually assaulted.
The relationship between the rape survivor and the offender breaks down like this: Relatives 11%, Well-known 35%, Casual acquaintance 21%, Stranger 33%.
Rape locations were 37% at or near victim's home or lodging, 21% at or near friend/relative/neighbor home, 42% all other locations.
WEAPONS In rapes/attempted rapes/sexual assaults: 84% were unarmed, 6% used a firearm, and 10% used an edged or blunt weapon.
Occurrence of Sexual Assault and Rape Among Women Students in Virginia Colleges and Universities 1995 Virginia State Council of Higher Education Report Based on 1994 Survey % Women in Sample Who Have... % Sampled Freshmen Who Have... % Sampled Upper-class Women Who Have... ...given in to unwanted sex play or intercourse because of man's emotional pressure 16% 14% 17% ...given in to sex play because of physical threat or inability to resist 6% 5% 6% ...had a man attempt to have sexual intercourse by intimidation or when she was unable to resist 2% 1% 3% ...had a man complete inter- course by using intimidation or when she was unable to resist 3% 1%
Article: Sexual Assault Statistics John D. Foubert, Ph.D.
How Often Does Rape Happen to Women?
One in Four college women report surviving rape (15%) or attempted rape (12%) since their fourteenth birthday. (1)
In a study by the U.S. Centers for Disease control of 5,000 college students at over 100 colleges, 20% of women answered “yes” to the question “In your lifetime have you been forced to submit to sexual intercourse against your will?” Thus, one in five college women has been raped at some point in her lifetime. (2)
In a typical academic year, 3% of college women report surviving rape or attempted rape. This does not include the summer, when many more rapes occur. (3)
In the year 2000, 246,000 women survived rape and sexual assault. This computes to 28 women every hour. (4)
A survey of high school students found that one in five had experienced forced sex (rape). Half of these girls told no one about the incident. (5)
Rape is common worldwide, with relatively similar rates of incidence across countries, with 19%-28% of college women reporting rape or attempted rape in several countries. In many countries, survivors are treated far worse than in the U.S. (6)
Are Men Raped?
3% of college men report surviving rape or attempted rape as a child or adult. (3)
In a study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control of 5,000 college students at over 100 colleges, 4% of men answered “yes” to the question “In your lifetime have you been forced to submit to sexual intercourse against your will?” (2)
Who Are The Perpetrators?
99% of people who rape are men, 60% are Caucasian. (7)
Between 62% (4) and 84% (1) of survivors knew their attacker.
8% of men admit committing acts that meet the legal definition of rape or attempted rape. Of these men who committed rape, 84% said that what they did was definitely not rape. (1)
More than one in five men report “becoming so sexually aroused that they could not stop themselves from having sex, even though the woman did not consent.” (8)
35% of men report at least some degree of likelihood of raping if they could be assured they wouldn’t be caught or punished. (9)
One out of every 500 college students is infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. (10)
First-year students in college tend to believe more rape myths than seniors. (11)
Sexual assault offenders were substantially more likely than any other category of violent criminal to report experiencing physical or sexual abuse as children. (7)
In one study, 98% of men who raped boys reported that they were heterosexual. (12)
Who Are The Survivors?
41% of college women who are raped were virgins at the time. (1)
42% of rape survivors told no one about the rape. (1)
41% of women who are raped expect to be raped again. (1)
False reports of rape are rare, according to the FBI, occurring only 8% of the time. (13)
Females aged 16-19 are four times more likely than the general population to be victims of rape, attempted rape, or sexual assault. (4)
Rape survivors report defining their experience in many different ways. ¼ define it as rape, ¼ think it was a crime but did not know it was rape, ¼ believe it was serious sexual abuse but did not know it was a crime, and ¼ report not feeling victimized by the experience. (14)
Circumstances of Rape.
57% of rapes happen on dates. (1)
75% of the men and 55% of the women involved in acquaintance rapes were drinking or taking drugs just before the attack. (1)
About 70% of sexual assault survivors reported that they took some form of self-protective action during the crime. The most common technique was to resist by struggling or chase and try to hold the attacker. Of those survivors who took protective action, over half believed it helped the situation, about 1/5 believed that it made the situation worse or simultaneously worse and better. (7)
84% of rape survivors tried unsuccessfully to reason with the man who raped her. (1)
55% of gang rapes on college campuses are committed by fraternities, 40% by sports teams, and 5% by others. (15)
Approximately 40% of sexual assaults take place in the survivor’s home. About 20% occur in the home of a friend, neighbor, or relative. 10% occur outside, away from home. About 8% take place in parking garages. (7)
More than half of all rape and sexual assault incidents occurred within one mile of the survivor’s home or in her home. (7)
What Happens After the Rape?
In a study done in the 1980s, 5% of rape survivors went to the police. (1) Throughout the last 10 years, the National Crime Victimization Survey has reported that approximately 30% of rape survivors report the incident to the police. (4)
Of those rapes reported to the police (which is 1/3 or less to begin with), only 16% result in prison sentences. Therefore, approximately 5% of the time, a man who rapes ends up in prison, 95% of the time he does not. (4)
42% of rape survivors had sex again with the rapist. (1)
30% of rape survivors contemplate suicide after the rape. (1)
82% of rape survivors say the rape permanently changed them. (1)
The adult pregnancy rate associated with rape is estimated to be 4.7%. (17)
Non-genital physical injuries occur in approximately 40% of rape cases. (18)
Rape survivors often experience long-term symptoms of chronic headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbance, recurrent nausea. (19)
Rape survivors often experience eating disorders and make suicide attempts after being raped. In addition, after being raped, survivors are 2 ½ times more likely than the average woman to have a substance abuse problem. (20, 21, 22)
What Does The Men’s Program Do About This?
The Men’s Program has been shown to significantly decrease men’s belief in rape myths by 50% after seeing the program. (23)
75% of high risk men who see The Men’s Program report being less likely to rape immediately after, and seven months after seeing The Men’s Program. (24)
Men who see “The Men’s Program” report a statistically significant decrease in their rape myth acceptance and in their likelihood of raping immediately after and seven months after seeing the program. This decline lasts longer than that of any other program evaluated in the published research literature today. (24, 25)
References
1 Warshaw, R. (1994). I never called it rape. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. 2 Douglas, K. A. et al. (1997). Results from the 1995 national college health risk behavior survey. Journal of American College Health, 46, 55-66. 3 Tjaden, P. & Thoennes, N. (1998). Prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings from the national violence against women survey, 2-5, Research in Brief, Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice. 4 Rennison, C. M. (2001). National crime victimization survey, criminal victimization 2000: Changes 1999-2000 with trends 1993-2000, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ 187007 5 Davis, T.C, Peck G. Q., Storment, J. M. (1993). Acquaintance rape and the high school student. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14, 220-224. 6 Koss, M.P., Hiese, L. and Russo, N.F. (1994). The global health burden of rape. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 509-537. 7 Greenfeld, L.A. (1997). Sex offenses and offenders: An analysis of data on rape and sexual assault, Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 8 Peterson, S.A. and Franzese, B. (1987). Correlates of college men’s sexual abuse of women. Journal of College Student Personnel, 28, 223-228. 9 Malamuth, N. M. (1981). Rape proclivity among males. Journal of Social Issues, 37, 138-157. 10 National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Rape fact sheet. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 11 Gray, N.B., Palileo, G.J., and Johnson, G.D. (1993). Explaining rape victim blame: A test of attribution theory. Sociological Spectrum, 13, 377-392. 12 Sexual Abuse of Boys, Journal of the American Medical Association, December 2, 1998. 13 Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1995) Uniform crime reports. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Justice. 14 Koss, M. (1992). Rape on campus: Facts and measures. Planning for Higher Education, 20, 21-28. 15 O’Sullivan, C. (1991). Acquaintance gang rape on campus. In A. Parrot and L. Bechhofer (Eds.) Acquaintance rape: The hidden crime. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 140-156. 16 Kilpatrick, D. G., Edmunds, C.N. and Seymour, A.K. (1992) Rape in America: A report to the nation. National Victim Center. 17 Homes, M. M., Resnick, H.S., Kilpatrick, D. G. and Best, C. L. (1996). Rape related pregnancy: Estimates and descriptive characteristics from a national sample of women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 175, 320-324. 18 Koss, M.P. and Heslet, L. (1992). Somatic consequences of violence against women. Archives of Family Medicine, 1, 53-59. 19 Eby, K. K., Campbell, J.C., Sullivan, C.M., and Davidson, W.S. (1995). Health effects of experiences of sexual violence for women with abusive partners. Health Care for Women International. 16 (6), 563-576. 20 Kilpatrick, D.G., Best, C.L., Veronen, L.J., Amick, A.E., Villeponteaux, L.A. and Ruff, G.A. (1985). Mental health correlates of criminal victimization: A random community survey. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53 (6) 866-873. 21 Resnick, H.S., Acierno, R., and Kilpatrick, D.G. (1997). Health impact of interpersonal violence 2: Medical and mental health outcomes. Behavioral Medicine, 23, 65-78. 22 Kilpatrick, D.G., Acierno, R., Resnick, H.S., Saunders, B. E., and Best, C.L. (1997). A 2-year longitudinal analysis of the relationships between violent assault and substance use in women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 834-847. 23 Foubert, J.D. and Marriott, K.A. (1997). Effects of a sexual assault peer education program on men’s belief in rape myths. Sex Roles, 36, 259-268. 24 Foubert, J.D. (2000). The longitudinal effects of a rape-prevention program on fraternity men’s attitudes, behavioral intent, and behavior. The Journal of American College Health, 48, 158-163. 25 Schewe, P. A. (1999). Guidelines for developing rape-prevention and risk-reduction interventions: Lessons from evaluation research. Paper presented to the Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault.
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