The Warning in Spain's Election
NRC Handelsblad, March 17, 2004
Ivo H. Daalder, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Studies
Did terrorists succeed in toppling the government of Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar, one of the Bush administration's staunchest allies in the Iraq War? A surprising number of commentators appear to believe just that. By voting for the Socialist opposition, which promised to withdraw Spanish troops from Iraq by June 30, many appear to believe that a majority of Spaniards in last Sunday's elections acted as unwitting accomplices in the terrorists' cause.
It is true that the governing Popular Party led in the polls until days before the elections, and it would likely have been reelected but for the horrific train bombings in Madrid that occurred just 72 hours before the voting started. But that does not mean voters turned against the government out of fear of the terrorists. The reality is more complicated.
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But this analysis is flawed in at least two important respects. Nearly ninety percent of the Spanish population opposed Aznar's decision to support Bush's war against Iraq. They saw it as a dangerous, destabilizing, and unnecessary intervention that was likely to result in more ill than good. While most Spaniards may not have blamed the terrorist attacks on Aznar's support for Bush, the bombings enhanced the salience of the Iraq issue just days before the election. Indeed, turnout last Sunday rose significantly, especially among the young, to the apparent benefit of the Socialist Party.
Another flaw in this reasoning is in assuming that Spaniards, like Americans, see Iraq as the central front in the war on terror. They don't. For them, as for most Europeans, the war in Iraq and the war on terror are completely separate. In fact, the train bombings in Madrid (like the earlier attacks in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Turkey) underscored that toppling Saddam Hussein had not ended the threat of terrorism. To the contrary, it may even have encouraged it—which is how many Spaniards interpreted last week's terrorist attacks.
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