August 25
Things that happened on this day that you never had to memorize in school
383: Gratian, Roman Emperor, slain at Lugdunum.
1689: Twelve hundred Iroquois warriors attack Montreal.
1819: Birth of Allen Pinkerton, whose strike breaking detectives ("Pinks") gave us the word "fink." Today, Pinkerton is not only, globally, a leading private security corporation, but in the forefront of building and managing private prisons.
1830: Belgium revolts against Netherlands.
1893: "Colored Peoples' Day" at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
1900: German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche dies, Weimar, Germany.
1925: Birth of Althea Gibson, Silver, South Carolina. First African American tennis player to compete at the U.S. Open in 1950 and at Wimbledon the following year.
1925: African American activist A. Philip Randolph founds Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
1944: French divisions march into Paris followed by the U.S. 4th Infantry Division. Nazi resistance was light, and a quick surrender is negotiated, ignoring Hitler's orders to burn the city to the ground.
1945: One million Saigonese demonstrate in support of Ho Chi Min'h.
1948: Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors founded in Philadelphia.
1967: FBI circulates memo detailing plans to "disrupt" Black Liberation groups. Results in infamous "COINTELPRO" program.
1967: George Lincoln Rockwell, the leader of the American Nazi Party, is shot dead in Arlington, Virginia. Former aide John C. Patler is arrested for the shooting.
1968: Battle of Lincoln Park; as the Democratic Convention begins in Chicago, so does a week of rioting between 10,000(?) demonstrators and 11,000 Chicago police, 6,000 National Guard, 7,500 U.S. army troops and 1,000 FBI, CIA, and Army and Navy intelligence services agents.
1969: U.S. troops refuse to advance after five days of heavy casualties. One of scores of nonviolent mutinies durintg Vietnam War. Sonchang Valley, Vietnam.
1985: The King was a fink: White House confirms that Ronald Reagan was an FBI informant (with his own secret number) in Hollywood in the late 1940s when heading the Screen Actors Guild.
1992: 19-year-old Rosebud Abigail Donovo killed by police in demonstration at the Chancellor's Mansion of the Univ. of California-Berkeley.
1998: Two killed in Islamic militant bomb attack on restaurant, Cape Town, South Africa.
1998: Federal court finds that the rights of political death row inmate Mumia Abu-Jamal had been violated by prison authorities.
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