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Edited on Tue Nov-24-09 11:00 AM by Judi Lynn
in Honduras' nightmarish history since the 1980's: By Ginger Thompson and Gary Cohn Sun Staff June 13, 1995
TORONTO - Jose Barrera gulped down a double shot of Sambuca before he began to talk about his past as a torturer and murderer.
He recalled how he nearly suffocated people with rubber masks, how he attached wires to their genitals and shocked them with electricity, how he tore off a man's testicles with a rope.
"We let them stay in their own excrement," he said, his gold front tooth reflecting the dim lamplight. "When they were very weak, we would take them to disappear."
Images such as these cast a shadow over the lives of Barrera and other men who served in Battalion 316, a CIA-trained military unit that terrorized Honduras for much of the 1980s.
At a time when Honduras was crucial to the U.S. government's war on communism in Central America, the battalion was created and trained to collect intelligence. But it also stalked, kidnapped, tortured and murdered hundreds of Honduran men and women suspected of subversion.
At least 184 of the battalion's victims are missing and presumed dead. They are called "desaparecidos," Spanish for the "disappeared." More: http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bal-negroponte2,0,961357.story~~~~~~~~~~~ ~snip~ Negroponte was in charge of the U.S. Embassy when, according to a 1995 four-part series in the Baltimore Sun, hundreds of Hondurans were kidnapped, tortured and killed by Battalion 316, a secret army intelligence unit trained and supported by the Central Intelligence Agency. As Gary Cohn and Ginger Thompson wrote in the series, Battalion 316 used "shock and suffocation devices in interrogations. Prisoners often were kept naked and, when no longer useful, killed and buried in unmarked graves." Members of Battalion 316 were trained in surveillance and interrogation at a secret location in the United States and by the CIA at bases in Honduras. Gen. Gustavo Alvarez Martinez, the chief of the Honduran armed forces who personally directed Battalion 316, also trained in the United States at the School of the Americas.
Negroponte tried to distance himself from the pattern of abuses, even after a flood of declassified documents exposed the extent of U.S. involvement with Battalion 316. In a segment of the 1998 CNN mini-series Cold War, Negroponte said that "some of the retrospective effort to try and suggest that we were supportive of, or condoned the actions of, human rights violators is really revisionistic."
By the time Negroponte was appointed ambassador by President Reagan in 1981, human rights activists in Honduras were vocally denouncing abuses. Former Honduran congressman Efrain Diaz Arrivillaga pleaded with Negroponte and other U.S. officials to stop the abuses committed by the U.S.-controlled military. "Their attitude was one of tolerance and silence," Diaz told the Sun. "They needed Honduras to loan its territory more than they were concerned about innocent people being killed."
Negroponte ignored such protests, and annually filed State Department reports from Honduras that gave the impression that the Honduran military respected human rights. But in an interview with In These Times, Negroponte's predecessor as ambassador, Carter appointee Jack Binns, tells a different story: "Negroponte would have had to be deliberately blind not to know about human rights violations. ... One of the things a departing ambassador does is prepare a briefing book, and one of those issues we included was how to deal with the escalation of human rights issues."
Binns considered the U.S. support for Alvarez and Battalion 316 "counterproductive" to the declared objective of "establishing a rule of law." This lack of enthusiasm, Binns says, led to "my being cut out of the loop" by the Reagan administration, which he served for several months before Negroponte took over. In the summer of 1981, Binns recalls, "I was called unexpectedly to Washington by Tom Enders, the assistant secretary of state. He asked me to stop reporting human rights violations through official State Department channels and to use back channels because they were afraid of leaks."
As Binns explains, back-channel messages "don't officially exist. The message is translated over CIA channels, decrypted and hand-carried from Langley, one copy only. No record."
Binns did not agree to use back channels and when he returned to Honduras, he received no further reports of human rights violations from the CIA. "I was deliberately lied to," says Binns, who later found out that Reagan administration had been working behind his back. http://www.inthesetimes.com/issue/25/09/allen2509.html~~~~~~~~~~~ The Miami Herald April 16, 2001 Alleged death squad returns to spotlight
BY ALFONSO CHARDY
When the CIA trained Battalion 3-16 in the 1980s, the Honduran army unit's main mission was to gather intelligence to protect its national security as U.S. forces deployed to support rebels fighting the Sandinistas in neighboring Nicaragua.
But today, Battalion 3-16 is remembered as a veritable death squad -- blamed for the abduction and assassination of at least 184 leftist guerrillas, sympathizers and other political foes.
Though long since disbanded, the group's legacy lives on in a West Palm Beach federal courtroom and in the stories of men such as Juan Angel Hernández Lara and other Honduran officers believed to be hiding in South Florida and elsewhere in the nation.
On Friday, Hernández Lara, 38, pleaded not guilty in West Palm Beach to charges he returned illegally to the United States after being deported Jan. 17 over allegations he participated in the torture of some of the battalion's victims.
His trial later this year may shed more light on the activities of 3-16 and refocus attention on a legacy from the Cold War: the role the Reagan Administration might have played in training the unit's operatives, as well as their subsequent alleged involvement in abductions and assassinations.
The questions have assumed new relevance as the Senate considers President Bush's nomination of John D. Negroponte as ambassador to the United Nations. Negroponte was ambassador in Honduras at the time Battalion 3-16 operated.
He has denied condoning human rights violations, insisting he worked in favor of improving respect for human rights in Honduras.
The now infamous Battalion 3-16 was formed in 1981 by Gen. Gustavo Alvarez, a former chief of Honduran armed forces. Alvarez first recruited Argentine intelligence experts to train Battalion members.
But as the Reagan administration built up an anti-Sandinista rebel force in Honduras, it became interested in 3-16.
Richard Stolz, then CIA deputy director for operations, told Congress in 1988 the agency trained battalion members in the use of psychological pressure in interrogation techniques -- not physical abuse. The testimony was reported in The (Baltimore) Sun, which in 1995 published a series of articles on Battalion 3-16 based on declassified documents.
In 1984, Alvarez was ousted in a barracks coup. After his departure, Battalion 3-16 began to disband and its members left for the United States and Canada.
Alvarez himself spent time in Miami, but he returned to Honduras in 1988. On Jan. 25, 1989, gunmen shot and killed him in Tegucigalpa.
Hernández Lara fled Honduras in 1988. He told the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service before his Jan. 17, 2001, deportation that he had personally tortured at least four people who were ultimately murdered.
``He provided details of his actions, which involved kicking, punching, placing pins under the fingernails and plastic bags on the heads of four victims who were later killed,'' said an INS statement. More: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/honduras/3-16.htm ~~~~~~~~~~~ How ANYONE could have missed the fact Honduran citizens have been protesting in the streets in great numbers EVERY DAY SINCE THE COUP, at grave risk to their own lives, with Honduran security forces led by former death squad Battalion 3-16 commander, Billy Joya, brought to active duty by Micheletti, knowing it's very possible they may follow their brothers and sisters, in being beaten profoundly, raped, tortured, and murdered at any point. Honduran people DO NOT WANT THIS COUP and they do not want it covered up by a bogus "election." ~~~~~~~~~~~ http://1.bp.blogspot.com.nyud.net:8090/_mg7D3kYysfw/SgEd6wjWANI/AAAAAAAAM00/JcEZVO3zbsk/s400/bat316.gif http://mediafilter.org.nyud.net:8090/CAQ/images/caq61manual01i.jpg
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http://hondurasemb.files.wordpress.com.nyud.net:8090/2009/10/casualties-in-honduras.jpg ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Hired Gun of Roberto Micheletti: History of the Torturer Joya Améndola Written by Gennaro Carotenuto, Giornalismo Partecipativo. Translation by Adrienne Pine Wednesday, 15 July 2009
~snip~ In the 80s Billy Joya Améndola was one of the principal leaders of the Intelligence Battalion 316, in charge of the kidnapping and disappearance of political opponents and founder of the "Lince" and "Cobra" death squads. In this capacity he became one of the principal perpetrators of kidnappings, tortures and assassinations in Honduras, and he has been accused with certainty of at least eleven extrajudicial executions under the pseudonym "Doctor Arranzola."
Furthermore, he is accused of the kidnapping and torture of six students, four of which continue to be disappeared. The students were kidnapped the 27th of April of 1982 from the house of the assistant of the Attorney General of the country, Rafael Rivera, violating the immunity of the second most powerful judge in the country, using methods from the Argentinian dictatorship.
Even if there isn't definitive proof that Joya Améndola received instruction in the United States, there is proof that he worked in Argentina under the orders of one of the principal repressors, Guillermo Suárez Mason, known among other things for being the principal organizer of child-kidnappings during the last dictatorship. Furthermore he obtained a scholarship from the Honduran army to study in Augusto Pinochet's Chile.
Afterwards, from 1984 to 1991 he served as a go-between for the Honduran army, the Argentinian repressors and the United Statesians during the dirty war.
The Spanish government has sought the extradition of Joya Améndola various times since 1985 through Interpol, but nonetheless the Honduran judicial system (the same one that has filed 18 legal complaints against Mel Zelaya) never once responded. Despite this, when a judge in Tegucigalpa accused him of kidnapping and torture in 1994 and issued an arrest order for him in 1995, it was in Spain where he took refuge and remained as an asylum applicant until he was expelled in 1998. During those years he worked as a catechizer in a school in Seville.
Today he is the right arm of Roberto Micheletti. More: http://upsidedownworld.org/main/content/view/1993/68/ ~~~~~~~~~~~ Honduras Coup: the U.S. Connection - Nil Nikandrov (excerpt) -
The topic most widely debated in Latin America at the moment is what Obama's administration has got to do with the recent coup in Honduras.
The answer is straightforward -- everything. The coup is aligned with U.S. strategic objectives and is going to be used by Washington to regain positions in the region which it lost during George Bush's presidency. More: http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2009/D39149.htm
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