http://www.kitco.com/ind/Downs/feb022007.htmlWhen most people think of investment asset classes, they think in terms of an arena centered on stocks and bonds. Wall Street has herded Americans into equities and bonds through the continuous stream of initial public offerings, the plethora of issued mutual stock and bond funds and in later years through the hedge fund phenomena. The Federal Reserve creates stock market bubbles like those bubbles, which culminated in 1987 and 2000. When those bubbles broke, the Fed unleashed aggressive monetary expansion to bail out stockholders, creating the illusion that the equity market can never go down and stay down.
Back in 1955 only a few million shares traded daily on the NYSE, and even by 1977 only 27 million shares comprised the average daily volume on the exchange. With 2007 underway, the daily volume on the NYSE is now between 2.5 billion and 3 billion shares. The NYSE sees $55 billion turnover daily. The NASDAQ average daily turnover is about $40 billion and the Amex registers $2.4 billion turnover on a daily basis. On the bond market, US treasuries chalk up an average daily trading volume of $300 billion so the US governments market alone is three times the size of the equity market.
It is no wonder that the vast majority of investors are razzle-dazzled by the stock and bond markets and the potential for getting rich. What many investors don’t realize, however, is that there is another market, which is truly the world’s biggest financial market and one, which dwarfs the size of the equity and bond market. That arena is the foreign currency exchange market (FX). According to some estimates the FX market in 2006 saw average daily global US dollar turnover top $2.9 trillion or more than ten times the size of the combined daily turnover on all the world’s equity markets. The FX market is the most liquid market in the world, is open 24 hours a day (except weekends) and is not easily manipulated. With the proper expertise, the record of profits derived from the FX market has made equity bull markets look paltry. One US based FX market fund group, catering to accredited investors and in business for 27 years, has about quadrupled investor capital over the past ten years, and in six and one half years has doubled investor capital. The fund has never had a loss year. Pension and hedge funds are rushing to get into the FX market for diversity and to take advantage of the expanding activity.
The Floating Exchange Rate System
The expansion of FX market activity is the result of the introduction of a floating exchange rate system in 1973. Supporters of yesteryear’s fixed rate system with gold as the base are amazed at the popularity of the paper money world, but for the foreseeable future the paper money world is here to stay. In the meantime and to the chagrin of gold money advocates, a properly executed FX market strategy can bring in substantial profits, albeit in paper money terms. The evolution of the present floating exchange rate system and expansion of the foreign exchange market system provides a fascinating walk back in the monetary history of the last century.
more...
OK, that reminded me of this oldie on currency speculation. I know, I've posted it before time and time again, but I think it's still pretty relevant.http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/nar-cn.htmGlobal currency speculation and its implications
In the following excerpt from remarks at an International Forum on Globalisation (IFG) seminar, Bernard Lietaer focuses on the alarming increase in global currency speculation. The potential implications are truly explosive, threatening global power arrangements, the sovereignty of nation-states, and the abilities of ordinary people to survive.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN 1975, about 80% of foreign exchange transactions (where one national currency is exchanged for another) were to conduct business in the real economy. For instance, currencies change hands to import oil, export cars, buy corporations, invest in portfolios, or build factories. Real transactions actually produce or trade goods and services. The remaining 20% of transactions in 1975 were speculative, which means that the sole purpose was an expected profit from buying and selling currencies themselves, based on their changing values. So, even in the days when the real economy was dominant, some currency speculation was going on. There had always been that little bit of frosting on the cake.
Today, the real economy in foreign exchange transactions is down to 2.5% and 97.5% is now speculative. What had been the frosting has become the cake. The real economy has become just a small percentage of total financial currency activity.
My estimate is that in 1997 we will have close to $2 trillion in currencies being traded per day. This is equivalent to the entire annual gross domestic product (GDP) volume of the United States being turned over via currency trading every three days.
snip>
Three Consequences
The first consequence of this state of affairs is that national governments are in the process of losing power. The nation-state is the one entity that cannot manage in this new climate. It has no way to gain power against global capital and information technology.
Currency traders are effectively 'policing' governments by selling off a nation's currency when they are dissatisfied with that government's policies. If enough traders act together, the value of a currency can plummet, creating a 'currency crisis'. These sudden large sell-offs are viewed by governments as 'attacks' on the value of their currencies.
Currency devalution can happen in a very short time, days or even hours, because of the new global communications system. There are no negotiations, there's no talking, there's nobody sitting around a table saying, 'This is what we're going to do,' or, 'How about re-negotiating this part?' That's not the way it happens. You just suddenly end up with a crisis in a particular country's currency. Such was the case with the collapse of the British pound sterling in 1991, the Scandinavian currencies in 1992 and 1993, and Mexico in 1994.
One of the things to watch for in the future will be such a devaluation of (an 'attack' on) the US dollar, which is the linchpin of the whole system. Now, one might ask, 'Why would traders want to pull out the linchpin?' Well, from an individual trader's point of view, it doesn't matter which currency you profit from, you just trade. If enough traders see an opportunity to profit by the dollar's fluctuations, they will exploit it because nobody believes that his or her individual action will bring down the entire system.
more...