Bye-Bye Tricolored Blackbird as Population Crashes 44 Percent in 3 Years
Populations of Californias already endangered tricolored blackbirds (Agelaius tricolor) have fallen by 44 percent since 2011 and 64 percent since 2008, according to a survey coordinated by the University of California, Davis. The state is now home to just 145,000 of these birds, which live almost exclusively in California. Eighty years ago the population numbered in the millions.
This new count comes from a statewide survey conducted this past April in which 143 volunteers inspected more than 800 sites in 41 California counties. Some counties, such as Amador and Sacramento, had somewhat larger numbers of blackbirds than in a previous survey in 2011 but most didnt fare so well. Fresno County only had six blackbirds. Kings, Santa Clara and Sonoma counties had none.
The biggest decline was seen in Californias Central Valley, which has also historically been the birds biggest breeding area. During the 2011 survey 89 percent of breeding tricolored blackbirds were observed in the valley. This years survey found that the birds are quickly disappearing in that region, mostly because their former wetlands habitat has been converted into fields of a wheatrye hybrid called triticale, which is used to feed cattle in Californias dairy belt. According to U.C. Davis, the birds still nest there but the triticale fields are often harvested before young birds have left their nests, resulting in thousands of deaths. Triticale loses some of its nutritional value if it grows for too long, so many farmers feel they cant delay harvesting the grain until the birds leave their fields.
Although they are legally protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the tricolored blackbirds also often die in farmers gun sights when they are mistaken for red-winged blackbirds (A. phoeniceus). Red-wings are also protected under the treaty but theres a special exemption in the law that allows farmers to shoot them if the birds are eating up valuable rice fields.
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http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/2014/06/23/bye-bye-tricolored-blackbird/