What Lies Beneath the Vatican of the Zapotecs?
An archaeological expedition in Mexico seeks what’s left of the sprawling, centuries-old catacombs hidden below the ruins of Mitla.
A caretaker is halfway descended down stairs in a square hole in a courtyard area of Zapotec ruins surrounded by stone steps and walls on a bright sunny day.
Ramiro Ruiz, a caretaker of the archaeological grounds of San Pablo Villa de Mitla in southern Mexico, descends into
a tomb belonging to the site’s ancient Zapotec ruins.
By Franz LidzPhotographs by Meghan Dhaliwal
Reporting from San Pablo Villa de Mitla, Mexico
Dec. 23, 2023
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The ruins of Mitla sit about 30 miles from Oaxaca in the mountains of southern Mexico, built on a high valley floor as a gateway between the world of the living and the dead. The site was established in roughly 200 A.D. as a fortified village, and then as a burial ground by the Zapotecs, the so-called Cloud People, who settled in the region around 1,500 B.C.
Five main sets of ruins are scattered throughout the small modern tourist hub that is San Pablo Villa de Mitla. Some are royal houses and ceremonial centers featuring central plazas. One is a crumbling pyramid, and another is a domed Spanish church with adjoining Zapotec courtyards. Elaborate mosaics cover the walls, meandering geometric friezes resembling carved lace; “petrified weaving” is how Aldous Huxley described them in his 1934 travelogue, “Beyond the Mexique Bay.” Traces of color linger on masonry that was once slathered in bright red paint made by grinding cochinillas, wood lice that live on nopal cactuses.
Spanish chroniclers christened Mitla the Vatican of the Zapotec religion, and its wonders were said to continue underground. The Zapotecs, known for their metaphysical connection to rain, thunder and lightning, believed that they could commune with gods and ancestral spirits in an earthen cavity below their city, which led to a netherworld known as Lyobaa, the “place of rest.”
In 1674, Francisco de Burgoa, a Dominican friar, wrote an account, based largely on church documents, of Spanish missionaries who had explored a sprawling labyrinth of tunnels and burial chambers beneath the ruins of a monumental palace. A century earlier, secular clergy had blocked the doorways to the sunken complex with bricks and mortar, presumably either to keep the masses out or the ghosts in.
“The Spanish believed that demons performed black magic in the underground tombs,” said Denisse Argote, a researcher at the National Institute of History and Anthropology in Mexico. In September, Dr. Argote and a team of 13 geophysicists, engineers and archaeologists spent a week at Mitla for the second season of an ambitious exploration to determine what remains of the Zapotec’s long-abandoned catacombs. In the still, steady calm of morning, they lugged around enough electronic ganglia to jump-start the Bride of Frankenstein.
Two researchers in gray-tan shirts and black hats look at a display screen on the top of sophisticated equipment attached to what looks like the push-handle of a lawnmower on the grounds of an archaeological site.
Manuel Ortiz Osio, left, a graduate student with Project Lyobaa, and Gerardo Cifuentes Nava, a geophysicist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, worked with ground-penetrating radar at the Mitla site in September.
More:
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https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/23/science/archaeology-Mmexico-zapotecs.html
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The last quote from the article is worth remembering: "Never accept tamales from dead people."
I love Zapotec weavings. I have two modern day rugs. The colors and craftsmanship are gorgeous.
Thanks for posting, Judy!
