There was one source that claims they are the descendants of the "Sea People"... a group of raiders that caused issues for the end of the Egyptian dynasties ( I think before the Greeks and Cleopatra ) and who may be related to Carthage. But there is no proof of that. That theory goes on to claim that the "Sea People" are likely from Cypress and thus have both Greek and Turkish ancestry, along with Iranian ancestry from the Persian Empire.
Here is what Wikipedia has to say about the jews leaving Israel.
In terms of the Hebrew Bible, the term "Exile" denotes the fate of the Israelites who were taken into exile from the Kingdom of Israel during the 8th century BCE, and the Judahites from the Kingdom of Judah who were taken into exile during the 6th century BCE. While in exile, the Judahites became known as "Jews" (יְהוּדִים, or Yehudim), "Mordecai the Jew" from the Book of Esther being the first biblical mention of the term.
The first exile was the Assyrian exile, the expulsion from the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) begun by Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria in 733 BCE. This process was completed by Sargon II with the destruction of the kingdom in 722 BCE, concluding a three-year siege of Samaria begun by Shalmaneser V. The next experience of exile was the Babylonian captivity, in which portions of the population of the Kingdom of Judah were deported in 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II.
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Here is what is written about Palestinians
The origin of the Palestinians, an ethnonational group residing in the Southern Levant, has been the focus of studies in history, linguistics and genetics, as well as nationalistic ideology. The Palestinian population, despite being predominantly Arab and Muslim, is not a homogeneous entity, and there is diversity within the population in terms of religious, linguistic, and cultural practices.[1][2][3]
The demographic history of Palestine is complex and has been shaped by various historical events and migrations. Throughout history, the region has been subject to the influence and control of various imperial powers, leading to political, social, and economic changes that have affected the demographic composition of the region. Wars, revolts and religious developments have also played a significant demographic role in encouraging immigration, emigration and conversion. Between the 4th and 5th century, the region had become a Christian majority and would remain so until 11th century, however, with the Muslim conquest of the Byzantine Levant in the 7th century, the region gradually began to be Arabized and Islamized as a result of local conversion and acculturation combined with Muslim settlement.[4] This ultimately led to the creation of an Arab Muslim population, which, despite being considerably smaller than the area's population in late antiquity, would go on to become the region's main religious group beginning in the Middle Ages and lasting until the 20th century.
Many Palestinian villagers claim ancestral ties to Arab tribes that settled in Palestine during or after the Arab conquest,[5] while others trace their roots to Turkish, North African, Kurdish, Egyptian, and Turkman origins. Some claim Jewish[6] or Samaritan[7][8] ancestry based on oral traditions. Genetic studies reveal that modern Palestinians share genetic continuity with Bronze Age Levantine populations and exhibit similarity with both contemporary Jewish and Arab-speaking Levantine groups.
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